Standards for imported electric bicycles of different countries
After the new national standard for electric bicycles was introduced, it caused great controversy. The new national standard has its reasonable aspects, but of course it also has its unreasonable aspects. As many netizens have said, experts do not ride electric bicycles. Of course, few bosses who produce electric bicycles ride electric bicycles. For dealers, the only requirement for electric bicycles is that they sell well. And users have no stage to speak. In this environment, it is obviously difficult to issue a reasonable "national standard".
In order to clarify the "national standards", let us expand our horizons and look at the international regulations on electric bicycles.
American electric vehicle and bicycle standards
U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration regulations classify low-speed electric bicycles as consumer products, and electric bicycle products fall under the jurisdiction of the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC). The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) stipulates that low-speed electric bicycles or tricycles manufactured for commercial use must be equipped with pedals that can be pedaled, the output power of the electric motor does not exceed 750 watts, and the maximum speed is 20 miles (32 kilometers) per hour. And the weight of the entire vehicle does not exceed 50 kilograms. Compared with other countries, the United States has the loosest regulations and restrictions on electric bicycle products. However, the definitions and regulations of electric bicycles vary from state to state in the United States.
2. Japanese electric bicycle standards
Japan has adopted strict restrictions on the use and management of electric bicycles. Japan only allows "intelligent electric-assisted bicycles" to be on the road, and has formulated very strict regulations on the requirements for "intelligent electric-assisted bicycles". The specific provisions of Japan's Road Traffic Law on electric-assisted bicycles are as follows:
1） Under any road conditions, the speed is less than 15 kilometers per hour, human power: electric power ≥ 1, that is, electric assistance is not allowed to be greater than human power, but electric assistance is close to human power.
2）. Under any road conditions, when the speed is greater than 15km/h, the power will decrease by 1/9 for every 1km/h increase in speed.
3）. When the speed exceeds 24/h, the vehicle’s electric system is shut down.
4）. Within 1 second after human pedaling starts, the electric assist system starts to request operation, and within 1 second after human pedaling stops, the electric assist system of the entire vehicle is turned off.
5）. In order to save electric energy, the smart electric-assisted bicycle stops running for a certain time (usually 3 to 5 minutes) and then the whole vehicle goes into sleep state.
6）. The continuity of riding must be ensured, and the power cannot be intermittent.
3. EU electric bicycle standards
Electric bicycles are usually divided into two categories in the EU: electric-assisted bicycles and electric bicycles. The so-called electric bicycles that are legal on the road without a driver's license refer to electric-assisted bicycles, with a maximum power limit of 250 watts and a top speed of 25 kilometers per hour. The European Standards Committee officially announced the new electric-assisted bicycle specification EPAC/ENl5194 on April 30, 2009, which includes relevant technical specifications and testing processes. The electric-assisted bicycle EPAC referred to in this European standard has a maximum continuous output power of 250 watts and must automatically cut off the power when traveling at a speed of 25 kilometers per hour. The power system used is a 48VDC battery or a charger with a 230V input power.
The EPAC standard stipulates the safety specifications and testing methods for the E-bike's engine system and charging system circuit. The new EPAC standard is more complex than the previous CEN standard. There are three major test items: EMC, safety regulations and mechanical properties. Among them, the EMC standard related to electromagnetic fields is the most difficult to pass. The king of EMC standards is to provide safety protection for drivers who drive electric vehicles and ensure that the electronic parts of riding vehicles will not be interfered by electromagnetic pulses generated by mobile phones, etc. In addition, electric bicycles are officially defined as EPAC (Electrically Pedal) Assisted Cycle
The European Union introduced the ENl5194 test standard in January 2009. This standard will apply to 30 countries in the European Union: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cypress, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, and Ireland , Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. Full name of the regulation: ENl5194:2009 Cycles Electrically power assisted cycles-EPAC Electrically assisted bicycles. This standard applies to electric-assisted bicycles that meet the following conditions:
l. Maximum rated power 250 watts (0.25kw);
2. When the speed reaches 25km/h or when pedaling is stopped, the output horsepower will gradually weaken and eventually lose power;
3. The battery voltage is lower than 48VDC or the built-in charger voltage is 230V
The key inspection contents included in this standard are:
l). Mechanical strength of the vehicle EN 14764
2). Circuit design and wire specification requirements
3). Electromagnetic compatibility (interference and tolerance)
4). Battery safety test
5). Waterproof test IEC 60529 IP×4
6). EMU output
7). Overspeeding and braking power off
8). Content requirements for vehicle body markings and instructions
4. Canadian Electric Vehicle and Bicycle Standards
Since 2001, Canadian federal safety law requirements have defined standards for power-assisted bicycles (PABs). It is defined as a two- or three-wheeled bicycle equipped with an electric motor of less than 500 watts, which can move forward by pedaling when there is no power supply. In addition, under the regulations of safety requirements, it must also meet the maximum 32 kilometers, and the manufacturer must clearly indicate that it is an electric bicycle. However, each province in Canada has different requirements for electric bicycles. The following is a brief list requirements of the relevant provinces.
l). Alberta: This province allows electric bicycles to be ridden on the road, but the maximum speed is limited to 32 kilometers per hour, the maximum motor output is 750 watts, the total weight cannot exceed 35 kilograms, and the driver must wear a safety helmet. .
2). Ontario: This province is the last province in Canada to allow electric bicycles to be legally put on the road. On October 4, 2006, the Ontario Minister of Transportation announced that electric bicycles can be officially put on the road only if they meet the definition of federal standards, and E-bike riders must be over 16 years old and must wear a helmet. They must also abide by bicycle-related laws. The maximum weight limit for electric bicycles is 120kg, and the maximum braking distance is 9 meters. It is prohibited to modify the motor to allow the speed to exceed 32 kilometers per hour. In addition, electric bicycles are not allowed to go on 400 series highways, expressways or other prohibited areas. Those under 16 years old and under Those who wear qualified helmets will be fined 60 to 500 US dollars.
5. Australian electric bicycle standards
The Australian Government's Motor Vehicle Management Standards Act stipulates that all vehicles on the road must comply with the Australian Design Rules (ADRS) before being put on the market: the vehicles covered include electric vehicles and electric powered vehicles. Its definition is as follows:
1). Two-wheeled and three-wheeled vehicles.
2). It is driven forward entirely by human power.
3). An electric-assisted bicycle is a bicycle equipped with pedals, loaded with one or more power units, and the maximum output power does not exceed 200 watts.
4). Electric motorcycles are not electric-assisted motorcycles. They refer to small motorcycles equipped with a motor and engine. The engine cylinder capacity does not exceed 50CC and the maximum speed does not exceed 50 kilometers per hour.
6. New Zealand Electric Bicycle Standards
Vehicles with a motor output of less than 300W are classified as e-bikes and must adhere to the same specifications as bicycles.
7. Indian electric bicycle standards
In India, all electric vehicles must pass ARAI certification. Electric vehicles with an output power below 250W and a speed below 25 kilometers per hour are easier to pass, while electric vehicles with larger sabers need to pass the complete test process specified by CMVR regulations. It is very time-consuming and costly, which has prevented the Indian electric vehicle market from getting off the track.
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